Facts on the Notre Dame Cathedral Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Generally, Notre de Paris consisted of the apse, choir, a nave bordered by square chapels and double aisles. The cathedral had its central spire added when restoration began in the early 19th century. The inner side of the cathedral measures 427 by 157 feet in plan, the roof measures 115 feet in height. The western facade is crowned by two enormous Gothic towers and is sub-divided into three floors. Its doors are garlanded with fine and unique Gothic carvings and transcended by Old Testament King Figures. Both towers have a height of 223 feet they were to be crowned with spires but they were never added. On the eastern end of the Cathedral, huge clerestory windows are fitted in the spires and are supported by arch flying buttresses made with an outstanding Rayonnant Gothic design. The Gothic design has an arresting look especially due to its grace and boldness. Most people are still marveled by the fact that three rose windows have still retained their glass up to now from the 13thc entury. During the 19th century the cathedral deteriorated and suffered a lot of damage fortunately, Napoleon rescued it from destruction after the end of the French revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Facts on the Notre Dame Cathedral or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In the 10th century, the building was already the cathedral of Paris. Unfortunately, in 1160 after it was declared the parish church for the Europe Kings an order to demolish it was implemented as it was presumed to be unworthy for the lofty role, the order was given by Bishop Maurice de Sully.

Vogue Armenia and Fashion Show Opening Event Marketing Plan

â€Å"Vogue Armenia† and Fashion Show Opening Event Marketing Plan MKT 369 Practicum in Marketing Communications Professor Gail Hamilton Louise Holloway Prepared by: Anahit Grigoryan, Ani Oganesian, Nairi Zovelian April 27, 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Current Marketing Situation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 Target Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Positioning and Competitive Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Price†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Distribution†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Sales Force†¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Advertising †¦show more content†¦* Harper’s Bazaar â€Å"Harpers Bazaar is [a fashion magazine] for women who are the first to buy the best, from casual to couture.† (harpersbazaar.com) Bazaar does not have an Armenian edition either, and is, once again, imported from Russia. * El Style El Style is an Armenian fashion magazine detailing the latest fashion shows and events of Armenia and interviews of famous people and celebrities. It was launched in 2004 and is very successful in Armenia. It has a distinct brand positioning as a trendy and informative magazine * Cosmopolitan Armenia Cosmo is a lifestyle magazine for women, featuring articles on relationships, sex, celebrities, style, hair, and beauty. The Armenian edition of Cosmo was launched in March 2011 and has been realizing success ever since. We also identified secondary competitors for â€Å"Vogue Armenia† which are magazines with fairly different content, but segment the same market. * Luxury * Prestige * Design Deluxe * New Mag * Elite Life These magazines are elaborative about luxurious lifestyles not limited to fashion. They present the latest mobile phones,Show MoreRelatedBenetton Family8592 Words   |  35 PagesToday the Benetton Group is present in 120 countries around the world. Its core business is clothing: a group with a strong Italian character whose style, design expertise and passion are clearly seen in the United Colors of Benetton and the more fashion-oriented Sisley brands, and in sportswear brands Playlife and Killer Loop. The Group produces over 110 million garments every year, over 90% in Europe. Key Dates: †¢ 1955: Giuliana and Luciano Benetton buy their first knitting machine and begin sellingRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPaulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Marketing Assistant: Ian Gold Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Senior Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik

William Shakespeares play, The Tragedy of Julius Essay Example For Students

William Shakespeares play, The Tragedy of Julius Essay Caesar, ismainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The characterwho was in charge of the assassination was, ironically, Marcus Brutus,a servant and close friend to Julius Caesar. But what would cause aperson to kill a close friend? After examining Brutus relationship toCaesar, his involvement in the conspiracy, and his importance to theplot, the truth can be revealed. Marcus Brutus, a servant and close friend to Caesar, has astrong relationship with Caesar but a stronger relationship withRome and its people. Brutus is very close to Caesar. In Roman times,the only way for someone to get close to a person of high rank is ifhe/she is close to him/her. In many points of the play, Brutus wastalking and next to Caesar. Brutus also loves Caesar but fears hispower. In the early acts of the play, Brutus says to Cassius, Whatmeans this shouting? I do fear the people do choose Caesar for theirkingyet I love him well. as he is speaking to Cassius. Brutus lovesCaesar, but would not allow him to climber-upwardHe then unto theladder turns his back. As the quote says, Brutus would not allowCaesar to rise to power and then turn his back onto the people of Rome. After the assassination of Julius Caesar, Brutus talks to Antony aboutCaesars death. Our hearts you see not; they are pitiful; and pity tothe general wrong of Rome. Brutus says that Antony cannot see their(members of the conspiracy) hearts, which are full of pity. Again, thisshows how Brutus loved Caesar but cared for the life of Rome and itspeople more. This is the only reason Brutus would conspire againstCaesar. For Brutus says to himself, I know no personal cause to spurnat himHow that might change his nature Caesars relationshipwith Brutus is also strong. Just allowing Brutus to speak to Caesarshows his respect for Brutus. Caesar feels that Brutus is noble to himand does the right thing regardless of personal danger. On the Ides ofMarch, as Caesar was assassinated, Caesars last line is: Et tu,Brute?Then fall, Caesar.. This shows that Caesar would not diewithout Brutus stab. Caesar realizes that there must be a noble reasonfor this assassination if Brutus was in it. This again sho ws how muchCaesar respects Brutus. Brutus and Caesar both respect each other, butin different ways. Marcus Brutus had a very important role in the conspiracyagainst Caesar. He was the back-bone of the plan. According toCassius, Brutus main purpose in the conspiracy is for an insurancepolicy. The people will think, since Brutus is noble to Caesar, thatthere is a good reason for Caesars assassination. Brutus will also bethe leader of the conspiracy for another insurance policy for theassassination. Cassius is the one who declares this, Brutus shalllead the way, and we will grace his heels with the most boldest andbest hearts of Rome. . Again, if Brutus leads the way, the people willthink that the death of Julius Caesar wasnt such a bad thing. Brutusalso declares to himself that his role in the conspiracy is to saveRome. He says to the people that, If then that friend demand whyBrutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesarless, but that I loved Rome more.. If Brutus was not in the plot of The Tragedy of Julius Caesar,the conspiracy would probably not have worked. Since Brutus lovedRome more., he decided to be a part of the conspiracy. If he hadntloved Rome more than Caesar, he would not have joined in theassassination of Julius Caesar. Cassius and the rest of theconspirators would probably not have continued on without Brutusbecause they would have no insurance afterwards. The people wouldthink that there was no reason for Caesars death and most likelybeheaded all the conspirators. Also, if Brutus was not in the play, thewhole end of the play would not ever occur. Brutus would not be thereto have an army or kill himself, and Cassius will already be beheaded. .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 , .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .postImageUrl , .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 , .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:hover , .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:visited , .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:active { border:0!important; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:active , .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437 .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufac33d96fdaf03f2d0398d4e9e53b437:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sometimes A Shining Moment: Good Teachers/ Bad Tea EssayIf Brutus was not in the play, the title would have absolutely nomeaning. Marcus Brutus was a good friend to Julius Caesar, but not goodenough. He had moral values dealing with Rome and its people. Brutusvalues then made him join a conspiracy against Caesar put together byCassius. Brutus joined this mainly because he didnt want Caesar toturn his back on Rome so there would be a reasonable reason forkilling Caesar. If Brutus wasnt in the play, there would be noTragedy in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar.

Management of a Diverse Workforce

Globalization has facilitated the growth of multinational; an increasing number of companies are diversifying their operations in different part of the globe. When operating in the international arena, a company has to manage a diverse work force; managing diverse human capital has continued to be a challenge to human resources managers.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of a Diverse Workforce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The main challenge is how to develop a universal performance management system amidst changes occurring in different environment that affect personnel differently. With diverse human capital, companies need to develop strategic human resource management practices, which will provide the company with global consistency of purpose as far as human performance management is concerned. One major role that strategic international human management (SIHM) plays is to manage diverse human ca pital performance; performance management is a continuous process through which the output of human capital is gauged to ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. The policy addresses activities affecting the performance of human capital in the efforts of formulating and implementing strategic needs that will facilitate an improve business within an organization; to undertake this task in a diverse human resources capital, is a challenge to personnel managers (Fernandez-Alles Ramos-Rodrà ­guez, 2009). This paper looks into the problems encountered by human resources managers when performance managing their human capital from a diverse origin, it will also offer some suggestions on ways that the problems can be minimized. Problems of performance managing in diverse human capital Human resources are precious, they need to be managed effectively; when developing a personnel’s management strategy; an organization needs to have an effecti ve performance appraisal and rewarding system. When an effective performance management is implemented, it boosts employees’ confidence and motivates them.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Performance management is defined as a continuous process that involves assessment of an employee in all dimensions with the aim of rewarding and establishing areas that can be improved for better performance. When dealing with the international human resources management, there are three focus areas that managers have to look into, they are inter-unit linkage, internal operations, and competitive requirements; all the above areas have challenges they pose to personnel management (Hampden–Turner Trompenaars, 2006). To handle this section effectively, this section will look into every area and the problems/challenges associated: Inter-linkage issues Diverse human capital has a variety of human components that need to be managed effectively; the differences in how people of different cultures, believes, traditions and values have offers the performance managers the problems of establishing key performance parameters. When appraising the performance of an employee in the global arenas, factors that are likely to impact on his performance need to be well understood; in the case of an expatriate, he is likely to be affected by culture of the new country, job requirements and personal attributes. When appraising and gauging the level of performance of such an employee, the above variables should be put into consideration. External and internal environment has an impact on the general performance of the company; the ease of adoption and the environment that an expatriate operated in determines whether he will be able to work effectively and pose satisfying results at the end of the year.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management of a Diverse Workforce specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When appraising an expatriate, the culture adoption rate of the expatriate should be considered, they should be one of the parameters that need to be taken into account; the issue comes with how the human resource managers gauge the rate of adoption (Maznevski DiStefano, 2000). Internal operations An effective human resources management should ensure that internal operations of an organization are operating in their optimal form; human capital have the role of ensuring the operations are to the expected standards; the issue that face multinationals is how to control the internal structures in their absences. Internal management is based on information from output and the inputs offered by human resource of a company; people have different viewpoints thus in a diverse human capital environment, the information that will be available for management to react on will be diverse and inc omparable. This make developing of internal similar business policies become a challenge to multinationals. Other than internal business operations, different countries have different labor policies that are mostly determined by the rate of economic development of the country that a multinational is operating. The company has to ensure that it complies with the rules; the move may call for special or micro human resources policies that are challenging to manage. For example, there are countries that have wage limits while others do not have, others have fifty-five as the retirement age while others have sixty years, and this poses a challenge to personnel management. An effective performance process helps an organization to learn and understand its staffs strengths, weaknesses, talents and capabilities. When the above attributes of employees are known, then a company can devise appropriate motivational, rewarding, training and mentoring programs to enhance performance within the org anization. When gauging the strengths and weaknesses of human staffs, management faces the challenge of harmonizing the available technological developments and favorability of production across different countries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sometimes a company may think that a certain employee is highly effective and a high performer but this is only facilitated by the level of technological development and the rate at which the business is doing in the country of establishment. On the other hand, another employee who operates in an area of low technological development, and the business there is not as favorable, then the employee is gauged as a poor performer. The differences in technological development and general condition in the country of establishment can thus become an issue in performance management. Multinationals have to keep in touch with the situation on the ground for all countries as well as implement measures that will ensure that an equitable performance appraisal is conducted putting all the parameters affecting the situation at hand. International business communities are volatile and keep changing with changes in political, economical and social situations; management when appraising the level of p erformance has the task of ensuring they keep adjusting their policies with the situation on the ground; this will enhance the development of appropriate policies of management. The changes in political situation keep affecting the rate of operation in an organization thus to effectively performance appraise, managers have the role of implementing flexible performance appraisal models of which managing them is an issue. Separation of time and distance is another threat that challenge international human resource management performance; the differences limit the rate of contact between head managers and the subsidiary managers; there lacks the close interaction and sharing of ideas and issues becomes an issue. The differences may also mean that some policies successfully implemented in a certain area are not applicable in another area. This may hinder the entire multinational operation. Gauging the level of performance of such an employee Different countries have different intellectu al power; there are people who have highly innovative power while others have an abstract power. When managing people of this two areas, the personnel managers may have the problem of determining the best method that should be used in both cases and yet offer satisfactory results. The differences of human beings capabilities affects the implementation of uniform policies to enhance performance since some countries may call for an innovation based appraisals while others calls for abstract power appraisal approach; whichever the approach, then the managers have a challenge developing best performance appraisal models to implement in their organizations (DiStefano Maznevski, 2000). Suggestions on ways that the problems can be minimized Despite the challenges offered by international performance appraisal methods, the process is crucial and needs to be handled with utmost care and strategic moves adopted to ensure that the method has been successfully been handled. The approach that h uman resources management will take will be of utmost good to the company and should ensure that all areas have been covered effectively. The following are the best approaches to such an international appraisal strategy: Developing uniform appropriate performance standards Since the company is same, the top management should come up with uniform corporate goals, objectives, mission statements and vision statements; they should define the expectations that stakeholders have from an organization, these policies cut across the board and employees in whichever the country should understand the role they have to play in their attainment. Managers’ acts as agents of shareholders so they should be allocated some expectation that they should deliver form their teams and country of operation. With the overall expected and promised goals, human resources should get their position; every employee is seen to be performing a certain duty to fulfill the goals directly or indirectly. Huma n resource departments should develop the performance standard that they want from every employee, having attained; they are the same standards that are used in performance appraisal. The corporate goals should be taken as overall but should be some goals that countries should be following depending with their potential and the capability that they have. To ease the burden of appraisal, every country should have a competent team of human resources managers who have been empowered to appraise the performance of employees in the areas of their operation and if need be offer some advice to the higher office on the best approach they need to implement when managing their human capital. The regional performance appraisal should be empowered to offer sound advice to the top management on the right policies unique to a certain country they should implement (Bullen Eyler, 2010). Using a balanced score card for evaluation Management should develop a balanced score card performance managem ent approach; balanced scorecard assist human resources to look into qualitative and qualitative performance of an employee. It does not concentrate on one area of the human capital but goes into other specific areas that need to be appraised for an effective operation of the business. When developing standards, human resources department looks into two main aspects: qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative standards are the deliverables that an employee is expected to produce when offered maximum support and mentorship from the management and the organization as a whole (Kaplan Norton, 2001). The tangible outcome that can be attributed to a certain employee when supported by other members of the team should be the vocal point in quantitative performance standard setting. When setting the expected level of quantitative output, the company should ensure that the potential of a certain country has been gauged. It may be tricky to have similar expectations across the board but the e xpectation should reflect the potential that a certain country has. There are different ways of coming up with the target that every individual is likely to get; the most common method is a top down approach where the top managers define the corporate goals and general target, then divide it among the departments that produce quantitative results (Takeuchi, Chen Lam, 2009). The next performance standard that an organization should set is qualitative performance; the performance is more concerned on the general attitude and conduct of employees within the organization; this is of importance especially when dealing with different cultures and environments. It is important to note that depending with the country of operation, the way people portray their feeling and attitudes is different, so there is need to ensure that the right approach has been used. The quantitative standards that are set in an organization are mostly the human resources policies that an organization should uphol d; they include ethical conduct, the general accepted organizational behavior and the corporate principles. The attitude and behavioral appraisal method can be universal but the expected results weighed against the level of social-cultural environment of the country of operation (Trudel, 2009). Culture intelligence approach With the diverse cultures that multinationals gave to deal with, there is need to understand the culture of the country of operation, the culture of the people should be crucial in determining the approach to measuring their performances, attitudes, level of output, and expectations. When the company understands what is actually happening in a certain country, then the managers can be able to implement the best policies and strategies that meet the needs of human capital in a certain country. The strategy of approach is mostly different in different countries thus there is need to have their cultural believes well-noted (Triandis, 2006). Other than culture inte lligence tools, managers should have root human resources management approach, this is where when they are diversifying and probably sending an expert, experts with a certain cultural affiliation should be sent to those countries that have similar cultural back ground (Hampden–Turner Trompenaars, 2006). Conclusion Managing diversity is a challenge that faces multinational businesses; they have to deal with people of different cultural backgrounds and varying labor laws. Developing effective performance management strategic assists multinationals to manage diversity in an appropriate manner and be able to tap diverse intellectualism and talents available in the diverse human capital. The best approach that multinationals should use is a micro-management approach where at country of operation level, they have competent human resources department with the authority to performance manage employees in that locality them advice the human resources department at corporate level. Re ferences Bullen, M. L., Eyler, K. (2010). Human resource accounting and international developments: implications for measurement of human capital. Journal of International Business Cultural Studies, 31-16. DiStefano, J. J., Maznevski, M. L. (2000). Creating Value with Diverse Teams in Global Management. Organizational Dynamics, 29(1), 45-63. Fernandez-Alles, M., Ramos-Rodrà ­guez, A. (2009). Intellectual structure of human resources management research: A bibliometric analysis of the journal Human Resource Management, 1985–2005. Journal of the American Society for Information Science Technology, 60(1), 161-175. Hampden–Turner, C., Trompenaars, F.(2006).Cultural Intelligence: Is Such a Capacity Credible? Group Organization Management, 31(1), 56-63. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (2001). Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part I. Accounting Horizons, 15(1), 87-104. Maznevski, M. L., DiStefano, J. J. (2000).   Global Leaders Are Team Players: Developing Global Leaders Through Membership On Global Teams. Human Resource Management, 39(2/3), 185. Takeuchi, N., Chen, Z., Lam, W. (2009). Coping with an emerging market competition through strategy-human resource alignment: case study evidence from five leading Japanese manufacturers in the People’s Republic of China. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20(12), 2454-2470. Triandis, H.C.(2006). Cultural Intelligence in Organizations. Group and Organization Management, 31(1), 20-26. Trudel, J. M. (2009). International Human Resources Management: A New Challenge. 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